Table C.12 Measurements of the ulna (in mm) used in this study. Ages have been estimated in fractions of years following the protocol described in Chapters 2 and 3. Asterisks indicate specimens whose age was estimated based on mandible measurements. specimen number sex age (years) coll. date coll. state side TL proximal height proximal width midshaft thickness midshaft height distal height distal width fusion ACZ 99:9:1 M 0.08 1998 AK R 73.52 22.66 7.12 5.24 8.8 11.86 8.06 unfused ACZ 99:9:2 M 0.08 1998 AK R 75.97 19.9 7.69 5.11 8.06 10.1 8.05 unfused *CAS 2321 M 6.62 16-Oct-16 AK R 173 57.36 26.13 15.03 21.46 27.08 21.37 unfused *CAS 2322 F 1.43 20-Oct-16 AK R 102.64 30.27 12.24 7.03 11.98 15.26 12.1 unfused CAS 2323 M 0.36 14-Nov-16 AK R 80.68 23.45 8.91 5.61 9.06 12.85 10.1 unfused *CAS 2324 F 4.12 20-Dec-16 AK R 165 40.48 21.01 10.49 18.66 19.38 15.18 fully fused CAS 2325 M 6.95 15-Jun-17 AK R 188 60.99 26.21 15.29 23.86 26.92 22.92 unfused CAS 3070 M 1.97 22-Jun-18 AK R 115.51 37.16 15.29 7.82 16.3 18.4 14.93 unfused *CAS 4468 M 5.62 28-Jun-18 AK R 152 51.58 20.99 10.28 19.36 23.58 16.25 unfused CAS 4470 F 0.11 12-Aug-17 AK R 65.43 16.99 5.96 3.53 6.55 8.33 6.14 unfused CAS 4471 F 0.1 9-Aug-18 AK R 72.44 21 7.67 4.91 8.63 10.89 8.47 unfused CAS 4536a ?M 0.1 9-Aug-18 AK L 72.35 20.48 7.35 4.78 8.29 10.74 8.001 unfused CAS 4536b ?F 0.1 9-Aug-18 AK L 68.78 18.91 6.43 4.26 7.26 8.86 7.08 unfused CAS 4564 F 21.9 18-Jul-18 AK R 150 46.16 19.27 11.78 18.7 16.85 13.48 "prox. fused, dist. partially fused (removed for measurement)" *CAS 4655 M 1.38 10-Oct-23 AK R 109.41 35.49 11.46 7.49 13.56 17.24 14.47 unfused *CAS 4656 M 4.35 10-Oct-23 AK R 148.51 50.39 24.44 11.65 19.21 25.88 18.33 unfused; prox. epiphysis apparently still not ossified *CAS 4703 F 3.29 3-Aug-18 AK R 131.69 42.36 16.09 8.15 15.58 18.07 13.98 unfused CAS 16247 F 0.48 18-Dec-72 CA R 69.62 20.04 7.49 4.11 8.34 9.52 7.41 unfused CAS 20737 M 0.24 21-Sep-76 CA R 81.47 24.62 8.5 4.76 9.04 13.01 9.72 unfused *CAS 21243 F 4.71 7-Jul-79 CA R 170 43.86 19.26 9.56 17.69 17.43 13.69 fully fused CAS 21782 M 0.34 25-Oct-79 CA R 79.2 22.22 7.69 5.53 9.82 11.2 8.59 unfused CAS 21783 F 0.3 12-Oct-79 CA R 79.75 21.2 7.36 4.24 9.16 11.48 8.4 unfused CAS 22569 M 0.4 16-Nov-80 CA R 85.67 26.2 9.01 5.43 9.46 13.3 9.91 unfused CAS 23140 F 0.23 16-Sep-88 CA R 83.65 25.22 8.48 5.79 9.72 13.08 10.54 unfused CAS 23144 M 0.22 13-Sep-88 CA R 87.52 26.77 8.94 6.18 11.09 13.97 10.22 unfused CAS 23856 M 4.25 24-Sep-94 CA R 140.91 46.71 19.65 7.86 17.85 21.98 14.82 unfused CAS 24098 F 0.63 9-Feb-97 CA R 87.29 24.51 8.81 6.17 9.65 12.06 9.19 unfused CAS 24159 M 0.9 17-May-96 CA R 95.37 27.55 9.77 5.91 11.84 13.22 10.38 unfused CAS 24160 M 0.4 29-Jan-97 CA R 79.51 22.25 7.87 4.9 9.46 10.97 7.72 unfused *CAS 24264 F 5.93 21-Jan-98 CA R 142.59 42.2 20.2 8.28 16.25 15.12 11.43 "prox. fused, dist. unfused" CAS 24350 F 0.25 24-Sep-98 CA R 77.31 21.89 8.15 5.06 8.71 12.67 9.56 unfused CAS 24351 F 0.68 26-Feb-98 CA R 78.61 23.38 7.93 4.96 8.83 11.12 8.38 unfused *CAS 24460 F 0.2 n.a. AK R 71.47 22.98 6.97 4.94 8.16 10.88 8.16 unfused MAE M-064 M 0 1998 AK R 73.46 20.71 7.62 4 8.62 9.9 7.75 unfused MAE M-067 F 23 1999 AK (via zoo) R 174 48.95 21.91 10.76 18.46 16.23 13.5 fully fused *MAE 740770 F 0.57 n.a. n.a. L 86.06 25.97 8.81 - - 12.36 9.46 unfused *MCRC Y1 F 22.91 1970s WA? R 172 42.14 22.02 10.27 20.47 18.86 14.32 fully fused *MCRC Y4 F 3.5 n.a. WA? R 128.01 31.15 15.08 9.36 17.06 19.06 13.66 unfused *MCRC Y6 F 0.54 n.a. WA? R 81.9 23.61 7.63 5.6 9.11 11.85 9.7 unfused "NMML ""7/17/81""" F 4 17-Jul-81 AK R 128.64 38.16 16.65 8 15.65 17.02 13.28 unfused "NMML ""C.u. newborn female""" F 0 n.a. ?AK? R 63.93 18.6 6.57 - - 9.18 6.88 unfused "NMML ""C.u. newborn male""" M 0 n.a. ?AK? R 67.79 20.19 7.15 - - 8.76 6.75 unfused "NMML ""KMM 069""" M 0.5 21-Jan-92 WA? L 89.8 24.51 10.11 - - 14.58 10.56 unfused "NMML ""NWR 01001""" F 0.55 21-Jan-00 WA R 83.53 24.32 8.93 5.27 10.09 12.92 9.75 unfused "NMML ""Sitka 1/6/98""" F 0.49 1-Jan-98 AK L 85.24 23.63 8.84 - - 11.95 9.19 unfused "NMML ""SMI 99-1""" F 0.1 30-Jul-99 AK R 69.78 20.57 7.78 5.29 8.42 10.49 8.42 unfused "NMML ""SMI female 2000""" F 0.13 ~20-Jul-2000 CA L 73.86 20.87 7.65 - - 9.71 7.9 unfused "NMML ""SMI male 2000""" M 0.13 ~20-Jul-2000 CA R 77.74 21.87 8.1 - - 10.7 8.86 unfused "NMML ""SNP 98-1""" M 0.03 15-Jul-98 AK R 64.43 21.15 7.49 4.57 7.98 10.08 7.86 unfused "NMML ""SNP 98-2""" M 0 1998 AK L 64.51 19.58 8.21 4.36 8.76 9.53 7.56 unfused "NMML ""SNP 98-4""" F 0.04 17-Jul-98 AK R 67.03 18.97 6.85 4.45 7.34 9 7.13 unfused NMML 458 M 1.17 13-Sep-48 AK R 95.14 30.63 11.15 6.23 11.78 14.09 11.01 unfused *NMML 1773 F 23.2 1992 n.a. R 161 45.44 18.54 11.48 20.05 17.57 13.79 "prox. fused, dist. unfused" NMML 1774 M 7 1992 n.a. R 194 52.03 23.35 13.57 21.38 23.58 17.14 unfused NMML 1775 F 0 1997 n.a. R 66.86 17.56 6.65 4.25 7.56 9.67 7.68 unfused PSM 2447 F 9 10-Jul-50 AK L 144.67 47.59 17.46 8.22 17.65 16.25 13.87 unfused; prox. epiph fully ossified PSM 2448 M 0.02 16-Jul-50 AK R 66.17 20.12 7.21 4.24 7.65 8.94 7.28 unfused PSM 24832 F 0.73 30-Mar-76 WA L 90.88 25.05 9.05 5.89 10.81 14.2 10.43 unfused PSM 26352 F 4 n.a. WA R 125.76 34.69 15.58 8.2 14.59 15.33 12.56 unfused; prox. epiph fully ossified but quite small PSM 27384 F 7.85 12-May-77 WA R 148.47 38.55 19.42 10.88 18.41 17.46 14.62 unfused; prox. epiph fully ossified PSU 98-12-26 F 0.48 26-Dec-98 AK? R 90.25 28.48 10.32 5.54 9.48 14.78 10.19 unfused UAA Y5 M 3 n.a. n.a. R 118.5 36.8 16.2 - - 19.3 14.25 unfused *UAM 18723 F 8.19 13-Aug-76 AK R 148.75 44.5 17.4 - - 16.7 14.8 unfused USNM A0012740a F 5.29 n.a. AK L 131.07 39.99 13.19 8.21 14.58 16.64 12.62 unfused *USNM A0012740b F 27.28 n.a. AK L 148.56 46.67 19.72 11.36 17.82 16.29 13.93 "prox. fused, dist. unfused" USNM A0014221 M 0.17 n.a. AK? L 76.12 22.9 7.34 5.07 9.36 11.91 9.11 unfused USNM A0016310 M 1 20-Aug-1879 AK L 116.17 37.19 13.53 6.98 13.73 17.34 14.17 unfused USNM A0016311 M 0.12 30-Aug-1879 AK? L 74.11 21.13 6.82 4.88 8.51 10.41 8 unfused USNM A0016312 M 3 20-Aug-1879 AK? L 136.59 43.29 18.26 8.03 16.51 18.56 15.05 unfused USNM A0016313 M 4 30-Aug-1879 AK? - - - - - - - - - USNM A0016314 M 0.15 5-Aug-1879 AK? L 74.17 22.19 6.94 5.13 8.97 9.95 7.69 unfused *USNM A0016315 M -0.31 1879 AK L 41.65 11.42 5.22 3.72 5.56 6.17 4.94 unfused; poorly ossified USNM A0016317 M 0.17 22-Aug-1879 AK? L 81.43 23.95 9.04 6.07 9.13 11.87 8.93 unfused USNM A0016318 M 1 Aug-1879 AK L 110.01 33.74 11.74 7.87 13.23 15.37 12.06 unfused USNM A0016319 M 0.25 Aug-1879 AK? L 88.99 25.51 9.11 6.07 11.14 13.66 10.41 unfused *USNM A0020866 M 7.98 n.a. AK? L 205 68.61 27.1 13.77 27.65 27.21 20.39 unfused *USNM A0021332 F 4.2 1882 AK R 130.95 39.61 14.99 9.61 15.35 15.17 12.18 unfused *USNM A0021334 M 0.11 1882 AK L 72.1 21.35 7.53 5.67 8.79 10.09 8.61 unfused USNM 206311 F 0.23 26-Sep-11 AK L 78.24 22.87 8.59 5.3 8.74 13.01 10.23 unfused *USNM 219848 F 4.57 19-teens AK L 140.09 40.88 14.76 9.27 17.03 17.56 13.42 "prox. fused, dist. unfused" *USNM 219849 M 6.26 1916 AK L 188 50.88 24.88 14.05 23.79 27.85 20.57 unfused *USNM 219850 M 4.53 19-teens AK R 155 46.48 20.3 8.54 17.68 22.08 15.32 unfused *USNM 219852 M 1.42 19-teens AK R 97.17 31.25 11.95 7.14 12.93 14.64 11.2 unfused *USNM 219855 M 1.28 19-teens AK R 96.69 34.58 11.62 7.02 12.17 16.46 12.05 unfused *USNM 219858 M 6.88 19-teens AK R 191 57.03 29.18 14.51 27.7 27.67 21.96 unfused *USNM 219859 M 5.66 1917 AK R 167 48.2 25.53 13.84 22.95 26.16 20.43 unfused *USNM 219860 M 5.48 1917 AK R 168 54.02 23.57 10.17 22.21 27.07 19.13 unfused *USNM 219861 M 6.92 1917 AK R 176 54.75 26.53 12.06 22.17 30.09 20.46 unfused USNM 237301 M 7 1919 AK L 193 63.33 28.48 13.36 28.07 27.94 22.62 unfused USNM 285721 M 3 1946 AK R 122.49 40.67 17.41 8.9 16.16 22.78 17.03 unfused *USNM 504200 F 9.28 1-Jan-75 n.a. R 164 43.2 21.3 8.69 18.86 17.17 13.67 fully fused USNM 564286 F 0.24 1-Oct-41 AK - 82.33 22.67 7.56 5.13 8.51 10.95 8.69 unfused WBM 12550 M 9 3-Aug-47 AK - - - - - - - - - WBM 12552 M 14 20-Jul-50 AK R 246 70.26 32.72 15.08 32.18 29.09 21.72 fully fused WBM 18334 F 0.81 24-Apr-58 AK R 85.3 25.93 8.61 5.9 10.21 14.32 10.14 unfused WBM 18335 M 3.82 1-May-58 AK L 125.29 38.31 17.55 8.25 15.93 18.58 13.42 unfused; prox. apparently still not ossified *WBM 19912 F -0.03 1956 AK R 64.61 17.96 5.21 3.78 7.23 7.98 6.75 unfused WBM 28806 M 6.16 1-Sep-48 AK R 186 61.9 28.68 13.12 24.99 29.72 21.61 unfused; prox. epiph only partially ossified; TL accurately measured *WBM 32144 F 27.62 7-Apr-80 n.a. R 164 42.18 18.63 17.77 9.81 16.81 13.81 fully fused WBM 38921 M 10 23-May-90 AK R 251 77.91 34.85 20.41 36.61 32.89 25.41 fully fused